/brz/remove-bazaar

--------------------

Bazaar Release Notes

--------------------

.. contents::

IN DEVELOPMENT

--------------

  NOTES WHEN UPGRADING:

  CHANGES:

    * A new repository format 'development' has been added. This format will

      represent the latest 'in-progress' format that the bzr developers are

      interested in getting early-adopter testing and feedback on.

      ``doc/developers/development-repo.txt`` has detailed information.

      (Robert Collins)

    * BZR_LOG environment variable controls location of .bzr.log trace file. 

      User can suppress writing messages to .bzr.log by using '/dev/null'

      filename (on Linux) or 'NUL' (on Windows). If BZR_LOG variable 

      is not defined but BZR_HOME is defined then default location

      for .bzr.log trace file is ``$BZR_HOME/.bzr.log``.

      (Alexander Belchenko)

    * ``launchpad`` builtin plugin now shipped as separate part in standalone

      bzr.exe, installed to ``C:\Program Files\Bazaar\plugins`` directory, 

      and standalone installer allows user to skip installation of this plugin.

      (Alexander Belchenko)

    * Restore auto-detection of plink.exe on Windows. (Dmitry Vasiliev)

  FEATURES:

   * ``branch`` and ``checkout`` can hard-link working tree files, which is

     faster and saves space.  (Aaron Bentley)

  IMPROVEMENTS:

  BUGFIXES:

    * Disable plink's interactive prompt for password.

      (#107593, Dmitry Vasiliev)

    * Include quick-start-summary.svg file to python-based installer(s)

      for Windows. (#192924, Alexander Belchenko)

    * Make version-info --custom imply --all. (#195560, James Westby)

    * ``merge --preview`` now works for merges that add or modify

      symlinks (James Henstridge)

    * Upgrade bundled ConfigObj to version 4.5.1, which properly quotes #

      signs, among other small improvements. (Matt Nordhoff, #86838)

  API BREAKS:

    * Support for loading plugins from zip files and

      ``bzrlib.plugin.load_from_zip()`` function are deprecated.

      (Alexander Belchenko)

  TESTING:

    * The branch interface tests were invalid for branches using rich-root

      repositories because the empty string is not a valid file-id.

      (Robert Collins)

  INTERNALS:

    * New module ``tools/package_mf.py`` provide custom module finder for

      python packages (improves standard python library's modulefinder.py)

      used by ``setup.py`` script while building standalone bzr.exe.

      (Alexander Belchenko)

    * New remote method ``RemoteBzrDir.find_repositoryV2`` adding support for

      detecting external lookup support on remote repositories. This method is

      now attempted first when lookup up repositories, leading to an extra 

      round trip on older bzr smart servers. (Robert Collins)

    * Repository formats have a new supported-feature attribute

      ``supports_external_lookups`` used to indicate repositories which support

      falling back to other repositories when they have partial data.

      (Robert Collins)

    * The bzrdir format registry now accepts an ``alias`` keyword to

      register_metadir, used to indicate that a format name is an alias for

      some other format and thus should not be reported when describing the

      format. (Robert Collins)

bzr 1.2 2008-02-15

------------------

  BUG FIXES:

    * Fix failing test in Launchpad plugin. (Martin Pool)

bzr 1.2rc1 2008-02-13

---------------------

  NOTES WHEN UPGRADING:

    * Fetching via the smart protocol may need to reconnect once during a fetch

      if the remote server is running Bazaar 1.1 or earlier, because the client

      attempts to use more efficient requests that confuse older servers.  You

      may be required to re-enter a password or passphrase when this happens.

      This won't happen if the server is upgraded to Bazaar 1.2.

      (Andrew Bennetts)

  CHANGES:

    * Fetching via bzr+ssh will no longer fill ghosts by default (this is

      consistent with pack-0.92 fetching over SFTP). (Robert Collins)

    * Formatting of ``bzr plugins`` output is changed to be more human-

      friendly. Full path of plugins locations will be shown only with

      ``--verbose`` command-line option. (Alexander Belchenko)

    * ``merge`` now prefers to use the submit branch, but will fall back to

      parent branch.  For many users, this has no effect.  But some users who

      pull and merge on the same branch will notice a change.  This change

      makes it easier to work on a branch on two different machines, pulling

      between the machines, while merging from the upstream.

      ``merge --remember`` can now be used to set the submit_branch.

      (Aaron Bentley)

  FEATURES:

    * ``merge --preview`` produces a diff of the changes merge would make,

      but does not actually perform the merge.  (Aaron Bentley)

    * New smart method ``Repository.get_parent_map`` for getting revision

      parent data. This returns additional parent information topologically

      adjacent to the requested data to reduce round trip latency impacts.

      (Robert Collins)

    * New smart method, ``Repository.stream_revisions_chunked``, for fetching

      revision data that streams revision data via a chunked encoding.  This

      avoids buffering large amounts of revision data on the server and on the

      client, and sends less data to the server to request the revisions.

      (Andrew Bennetts, Robert Collins, #178353)

    * The launchpad plugin now handles lp urls of the form

      ``lp://staging/``, ``lp://demo/``, ``lp://dev/`` to use the appropriate

      launchpad instance to do the resolution of the branch identities.

      This is primarily of use to Launchpad developers, but can also

      be used by other users who want to try out Launchpad as

      a branch location without messing up their public Launchpad

      account.  Branches that are pushed to the staging environment

      have an expected lifetime of one day. (Tim Penhey)

  IMPROVEMENTS:

    * Creating a new branch no longer tries to read the entire revision-history

      unnecessarily over smart server operations. (Robert Collins)

    * Fetching between different repository formats with compatible models now

      takes advantage of the smart method to stream revisions.  (Andrew Bennetts)

    * The ``--coverage`` option is now global, rather specific to ``bzr

      selftest``.  (Andrew Bennetts)

    * The ``register-branch`` command will now use the public url of the branch

      containing the current directory, if one has been set and no explicit

      branch is provided.  (Robert Collins)

    * Tweak the ``reannotate`` code path to optimize the 2-parent case.

      Speeds up ``bzr annotate`` with a pack repository by approx 3:2.

      (John Arbash Meinel)

  BUGFIXES:

    * Calculate remote path relative to the shared medium in _SmartClient.  This

      is related to the problem in bug #124089.  (Andrew Bennetts)

    * Cleanly handle connection errors in smart protocol version two, the same

      way as they are handled by version one.  (Andrew Bennetts)

    * Clearer error when ``version-info --custom`` is used without

      ``--template`` (Lukáš Lalinský)

    * Don't raise UnavailableFeature during test setup when medusa is not

      available or tearDown is never called leading to nasty side effects.

      (#137823, Vincent Ladeuil)

    * If a plugin's test suite cannot be loaded, for example because of a syntax

      error in the tests, then ``selftest`` fails, rather than just printing 

      a warning.  (Martin Pool, #189771)

    * List possible values for BZR_SSH environment variable in env-variables

      help topic. (Alexander Belchenko, #181842)

    * New methods ``push_log_file`` and ``pop_log_file`` to intercept messages:

      popping the log redirection now precisely restores the previous state,

      which makes it easier to use bzr log output from other programs.

      TestCaseInTempDir no longer depends on a log redirection being established

      by the test framework, which lets bzr tests cleanly run from a normal

      unittest runner.

      (#124153, #124849, Martin Pool, Jonathan Lange)

    * ``pull --quiet`` is now more quiet, in particular a message is no longer

      printed when the remembered pull location is used. (James Westby,

      #185907)

    * ``reconfigure`` can safely be interrupted while fetching.

      (Aaron Bentley, #179316)

    * ``reconfigure`` preserves tags when converting to and from lightweight

      checkouts.  (Aaron Bentley, #182040)

    * Stop polluting /tmp when running selftest.

      (Vincent Ladeuil, #123623)

    * Switch from NFKC => NFC for normalization checks. NFC allows a few

      more characters which should be considered valid.

      (John Arbash Meinel, #185458)

    * The launchpad plugin now uses the ``edge`` xmlrpc server to avoid

      interacting badly with a bug on the launchpad side. (Robert Collins)

    * Unknown hostnames when connecting to a ``bzr://`` URL no longer cause

      tracebacks.  (Andrew Bennetts, #182849)

  API BREAKS:

    * Classes implementing Merge types like Merge3Merger must now accept (and

      honour) a do_merge flag in their constructor.  (Aaron Bentley)

    * ``Repository.add_inventory`` and ``add_revision`` now require the caller

      to previously take a write lock (and start a write group.)

      (Martin Pool)

  TESTING:

    * selftest now accepts --load-list <file> to load a test id list. This

      speeds up running the test suite on a limited set of tests.

      (Vincent Ladeuil)

  INTERNALS:

    * Add a new method ``get_result`` to graph search objects. The resulting

      ``SearchResult`` can be used to recreate the search later, which will

      be useful in reducing network traffic. (Robert Collins)

    * Use convenience function to check whether two repository handles 

      are referring to the same repository in ``Repository.get_graph``. 

      (Jelmer Vernooij, #187162)

    * Fetching now passes the find_ghosts flag through to the 

      ``InterRepository.missing_revision_ids`` call consistently for all

      repository types. This will enable faster missing revision discovery with

      bzr+ssh. (Robert Collins)

    * Fix error handling in Repository.insert_data_stream. (Lukas Lalinsky)

    * ``InterRepository.missing_revision_ids`` is now deprecated in favour of

      ``InterRepository.search_missing_revision_ids`` which returns a 

      ``bzrlib.graph.SearchResult`` suitable for making requests from the smart

      server. (Robert Collins)

    * New error ``NoPublicBranch`` for commands that need a public branch to

      operate. (Robert Collins)

    * New method ``iter_inventories`` on Repository for access to many

      inventories. This is primarily used by the ``revision_trees`` method, as

      direct access to inventories is discouraged. (Robert Collins)

    * New method ``next_with_ghosts`` on the Graph breadth-first-search objects

      which will split out ghosts and present parents into two separate sets,

      useful for code which needs to be aware of ghosts (e.g. fetching data

      cares about ghosts during revision selection). (Robert Collins)

    * Record a timestamp against each mutter to the trace file, relative to the

      first import of bzrlib.  (Andrew Bennetts)

    * ``Repository.get_data_stream`` is now deprecated in favour of

      ``Repository.get_data_stream_for_search`` which allows less network

      traffic when requesting data streams over a smart server. (Robert Collins)

    * ``RemoteBzrDir._get_tree_branch`` no longer triggers ``_ensure_real``,

      removing one round trip on many network operations. (Robert Collins)

    * RemoteTransport's ``recommended_page_size`` method now returns 64k, like

      SFTPTransport and HttpTransportBase.  (Andrew Bennetts)

    * Repository has a new method ``has_revisions`` which signals the presence

      of many revisions by returning a set of the revisions listed which are

      present. This can be done by index queries without reading data for parent

      revision names etc. (Robert Collins)

bzr 1.1 2008-01-15

------------------

(no changes from 1.1rc1)

bzr 1.1rc1 2008-01-05

---------------------

  CHANGES:

   * Dotted revision numbers have been revised. Instead of growing longer with

     nested branches the branch number just increases. (eg instead of 1.1.1.1.1

     we now report 1.2.1.) This helps scale long lived branches which have many

     feature branches merged between them. (John Arbash Meinel)

   * The syntax ``bzr diff branch1 branch2`` is no longer supported.

     Use ``bzr diff branch1 --new branch2`` instead. This change has

     been made to remove the ambiguity where ``branch2`` is in fact a

     specific file to diff within ``branch1``.

  FEATURES:

   * New option to use custom template-based formats in  ``bzr version-info``.

     (Lukáš Lalinský)

   * diff '--using' allows an external diff tool to be used for files.

     (Aaron Bentley)

   * New "lca" merge-type for fast everyday merging that also supports

     criss-cross merges.  (Aaron Bentley)

  IMPROVEMENTS:

   * ``annotate`` now doesn't require a working tree. (Lukáš Lalinský,

     #90049)

   * ``branch`` and ``checkout`` can now use files from a working tree to

     to speed up the process.  For checkout, this requires the new

     --files-from flag.  (Aaron Bentley)

   * ``bzr diff`` now sorts files in alphabetical order.  (Aaron Bentley)

   * ``bzr diff`` now works on branches without working trees. Tree-less

     branches can also be compared to each other and to working trees using

     the new diff options ``--old`` and ``--new``. Diffing between branches,

     with or without trees, now supports specific file filtering as well.

     (Ian Clatworthy, #6700)

   * ``bzr pack`` now orders revision texts in topological order, with newest

     at the start of the file, promoting linear reads for ``bzr log`` and the

     like. This partially fixes #154129. (Robert Collins)

   * Merge directives now fetch prerequisites from the target branch if

     needed.  (Aaron Bentley)

   * pycurl now handles digest authentication.

     (Vincent Ladeuil)

   * ``reconfigure`` can now convert from repositories.  (Aaron Bentley)

   * ``-l`` is now a short form for ``--limit`` in ``log``.  (Matt Nordhoff)

   * ``merge`` now warns when merge directives cause cherrypicks.

     (Aaron Bentley)

   * ``split`` now supported, to enable splitting large trees into smaller

     pieces.  (Aaron Bentley)

  BUGFIXES:

   * Avoid AttributeError when unlocking a pack repository when an error occurs.

     (Martin Pool, #180208)

   * Better handle short reads when processing multiple range requests.

     (Vincent Ladeuil, #179368)

   * build_tree acceleration uses the correct path when a file has been moved.

     (Aaron Bentley)

   * ``commit`` now succeeds when a checkout and its master branch share a

     repository.  (Aaron Bentley, #177592)

   * Fixed error reporting of unsupported timezone format in

     ``log --timezone``. (Lukáš Lalinský, #178722)

   * Fixed Unicode encoding error in ``ignored`` when the output is

     redirected to a pipe. (Lukáš Lalinský)

   * Fix traceback when sending large response bodies over the smart protocol

     on Windows. (Andrew Bennetts, #115781)

   * Fix ``urlutils.relative_url`` for the case of two ``file:///`` URLs

     pointed to different logical drives on Windows.

     (Alexander Belchenko, #90847)

   * HTTP test servers are now compatible with the http protocol version 1.1.

     (Vincent Ladeuil, #175524)

   * _KnitParentsProvider.get_parent_map now handles requests for ghosts

     correctly, instead of erroring or attributing incorrect parents to ghosts.

     (Aaron Bentley)

   * ``merge --weave --uncommitted`` now works.  (Aaron Bentley)

   * pycurl authentication handling was broken and incomplete. Fix handling of

     user:pass embedded in the urls.

     (Vincent Ladeuil, #177643)

   * Files inside non-directories are now handled like other conflict types.

     (Aaron Bentley, #177390)

   * ``reconfigure`` is able to convert trees into lightweight checkouts.

     (Aaron Bentley)

   * Reduce lockdir timeout to 0 when running ``bzr serve``.  (Andrew Bennetts,

     #148087)

   * Test that the old ``version_info_format`` functions still work, even

     though they are deprecated. (John Arbash Meinel, ShenMaq, #177872)

   * Transform failures no longer cause ImmortalLimbo errors (Aaron Bentley,

     #137681)

   * ``uncommit`` works even when the commit messages of revisions to be

     removed use characters not supported in the terminal encoding.

     (Aaron Bentley)

   * When dumb http servers return whole files instead of the requested ranges,

     read the remaining bytes by chunks to avoid overflowing network buffers.

     (Vincent Ladeuil, #175886)

  DOCUMENTATION:

   * Minor tweaks made to the bug tracker integration documentation.

     (Ian Clatworthy)

   * Reference material has now be moved out of the User Guide and added

     to the User Reference. The User Reference has gained 4 sections as

     a result: Authenication Settings, Configuration Settings, Conflicts

     and Hooks. All help topics are now dumped into text format in the

     doc/en/user-reference directory for those who like browsing that

     information in their editor. (Ian Clatworthy)

   * *Using Bazaar with Launchpad* tutorial added. (Ian Clatworthy)

  INTERNALS:

    * find_* methods available for BzrDirs, Branches and WorkingTrees.

      (Aaron Bentley)

    * Help topics can now be loaded from files. 

      (Ian Clatworthy, Alexander Belchenko)

    * get_parent_map now always provides tuples as its output.  (Aaron Bentley)

    * Parent Providers should now implement ``get_parent_map`` returning a

      dictionary instead of ``get_parents`` returning a list.

      ``Graph.get_parents`` is now deprecated. (John Arbash Meinel,

      Robert Collins)

    * Patience Diff now supports arbitrary python objects, as long as they

      support ``hash()``. (John Arbash Meinel)

    * Reduce selftest overhead to establish test names by memoization.

      (Vincent Ladeuil)

  API BREAKS:

  TESTING:

   * Modules can now customise their tests by defining a ``load_tests``

     attribute. ``pydoc bzrlib.tests.TestUtil.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule``

     for the documentation on this attribute. (Robert Collins)

   * New helper function ``bzrlib.tests.condition_id_re`` which helps

     filter tests based on a regular expression search on the tests id.

     (Robert Collins)

   * New helper function ``bzrlib.tests.condition_isinstance`` which helps

     filter tests based on class. (Robert Collins)

   * New helper function ``bzrlib.tests.exclude_suite_by_condition`` which

     generalises the ``exclude_suite_by_re`` function. (Robert Collins)

   * New helper function ``bzrlib.tests.filter_suite_by_condition`` which

     generalises the ``filter_suite_by_re`` function. (Robert Collins)

   * New helper method ``bzrlib.tests.exclude_tests_by_re`` which gives a new

     TestSuite that does not contain tests from the input that matched a

     regular expression. (Robert Collins)

   * New helper method ``bzrlib.tests.randomize_suite`` which returns a

     randomized copy of the input suite. (Robert Collins)

   * New helper method ``bzrlib.tests.split_suite_by_re`` which splits a test

     suite into two according to a regular expression. (Robert Collins)

   * Parametrize all http tests for the transport implementations, the http

     protocol versions (1.0 and 1.1) and the authentication schemes.

     (Vincent Ladeuil) 

   * The ``exclude_pattern`` and ``random_order`` parameters to the function

     ``bzrlib.tests.filter_suite_by_re`` have been deprecated. (Robert Collins)

   * The method ``bzrlib.tests.sort_suite_by_re`` has been deprecated. It is 

     replaced by the new helper methods added in this release. (Robert Collins)

bzr 1.0 2007-12-14

------------------

  DOCUMENTATION:

   * More improvements and fixes to the User Guide.  (Ian Clatworthy)

   * Add information on cherrypicking/rebasing to the User Guide.

     (Ian Clatworthy)

   * Improve bug tracker integration documentation. (Ian Clatworthy)

   * Minor edits to ``Bazaar in five minutes`` from David Roberts and

     to the rebasing section of the User Guide from Aaron Bentley.

     (Ian Clatworthy)

bzr 1.0rc3 2007-12-11

---------------------

  CHANGES:

   * If a traceback occurs, users are now asked to report the bug 

     through Launchpad (https://bugs.launchpad.net/bzr/), rather than 

     by mail to the mailing list.

     (Martin Pool)

  BUGFIXES:

   * Fix Makefile rules for doc generation. (Ian Clatworthy, #175207)

   * Give more feedback during long http downloads by making readv deliver data

     as it arrives for urllib, and issue more requests for pycurl. High latency

     networks are better handled by urllib, the pycurl implementation give more

     feedback but also incur more latency.

     (Vincent Ladeuil, #173010)

   * Implement _make_parents_provider on RemoteRepository, allowing generating

     bundles against branches on a smart server.  (Andrew Bennetts, #147836)

  DOCUMENTATION:

   * Improved user guide.  (Ian Clatworthy)

   * The single-page quick reference guide is now available as a PDF.

     (Ian Clatworthy)

  INTERNALS:

    * readv urllib http implementation is now a real iterator above the

      underlying socket and deliver data as soon as it arrives. 'get' still

      wraps its output in a StringIO.

      (Vincent Ladeuil)

bzr 1.0rc2 2007-12-07

---------------------

  IMPROVEMENTS:

   * Added a --coverage option to selftest. (Andrew Bennetts)

   * Annotate merge (merge-type=weave) now supports cherrypicking.

     (Aaron Bentley)

   * ``bzr commit`` now doesn't print the revision number twice. (Matt

     Nordhoff, #172612)

   * New configuration option ``bugtracker_<tracker_abbrevation>_url`` to

     define locations of bug trackers that are not directly supported by

     bzr or a plugin. The URL will be treated as a template and ``{id}``

     placeholders will be replaced by specific bug IDs.  (Lukáš Lalinský)

   * Support logging single merge revisions with short and line log formatters.

     (Kent Gibson)

   * User Guide enhanced with suggested readability improvements from

     Matt Revell and corrections from John Arbash Meinel. (Ian Clatworthy)

   * Quick Start Guide renamed to Quick Start Card, moved down in

     the catalog, provided in pdf and png format and updated to refer

     to ``send`` instead of ``bundle``. (Ian Clatworthy, #165080)

   * ``switch`` can now be used on heavyweight checkouts as well as

     lightweight ones. After switching a heavyweight checkout, the

     local branch is a mirror/cache of the new bound branch and

     uncommitted changes in the working tree are merged. As a safety

     check, if there are local commits in a checkout which have not

     been committed to the previously bound branch, then ``switch``

     fails unless the ``--force`` option is given. This option is

     now also required if the branch a lightweight checkout is pointing

     to has been moved. (Ian Clatworthy)

  INTERNALS:

    * New -Dhttp debug option reports http connections, requests and responses.

      (Vincent Ladeuil)

    * New -Dmerge debug option, which emits merge plans for merge-type=weave.

  BUGFIXES:

   * Better error message when running ``bzr cat`` on a non-existant branch.

     (Lukáš Lalinský, #133782)

   * Catch OSError 17 (file exists) in final phase of tree transform and show

     filename to user.

     (Alexander Belchenko, #111758)

   * Catch ShortReadvErrors while using pycurl. Also make readv more robust by

     allowing multiple GET requests to be issued if too many ranges are

     required.

     (Vincent Ladeuil, #172701)

   * Check for missing basis texts when fetching from packs to packs.

     (John Arbash Meinel, #165290)

   * Fall back to showing e-mail in ``log --short/--line`` if the 

     committer/author has only e-mail. (Lukáš Lalinský, #157026)

  API BREAKS:

   * Deprecate not passing a ``location`` argument to commit reporters'

     ``started`` methods. (Matt Nordhoff)

bzr 1.0rc1 2007-11-30

---------------------

  NOTES WHEN UPGRADING:

   * The default repository format is now ``pack-0.92``.  This 

     default is used when creating new repositories with ``init`` and 

     ``init-repo``, and when branching over bzr+ssh or bzr+hpss. 

     (See https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/164626)

     This format can be read and written by Bazaar 0.92 and later, and 

     data can be transferred to and from older formats.

     To upgrade, please reconcile your repository (``bzr reconcile``), and then

     upgrade (``bzr upgrade``). 

     ``pack-0.92`` offers substantially better scaling and performance than the

     previous knits format. Some operations are slower where the code already

     had bad scaling characteristics under knits, the pack format makes such

     operations more visible as part of being more scalable overall. We will

     correct such operations over the coming releases and encourage the filing

     of bugs on any operation which you observe to be slower in a packs

     repository. One particular case that we do not intend to fix is pulling

     data from a pack repository into a knit repository over a high latency

     link;  downgrading such data requires reinsertion of the file texts, and

     this is a classic space/time tradeoff. The current implementation is

     conservative on memory usage because we need to support converting data

     from any tree without problems.  

     (Robert Collins, Martin Pool, #164476)

  CHANGES:

   * Disable detection of plink.exe as possible ssh vendor. Plink vendor

     still available if user selects it explicitly with BZR_SSH environment

     variable. (Alexander Belchenko, workaround for bug #107593)

   * The pack format is now accessible as "pack-0.92", or "pack-0.92-subtree" 

     to enable the subtree functions (for example, for bzr-svn).  

     See http://doc.bazaar-vcs.org/latest/developer/packrepo.html

     (Martin Pool)

  FEATURES:

   * New ``authentication.conf`` file holding the password or other credentials

     for remote servers. This can be used for ssh, sftp, smtp and other 

     supported transports.

     (Vincent Ladeuil)

   * New rich-root and rich-root-pack formats, recording the same data about

     tree roots that's recorded for all other directories.

     (Aaron Bentley, #164639)

   * ``pack-0.92`` repositories can now be reconciled.

     (Robert Collins, #154173)

   * ``switch`` command added for changing the branch a lightweight checkout

     is associated with and updating the tree to reflect the latest content

     accordingly. This command was previously part of the BzrTools plug-in.

     (Ian Clatworthy, Aaron Bentley, David Allouche)

   * ``reconfigure`` command can now convert branches, trees, or checkouts to

     lightweight checkouts.  (Aaron Bentley)

  PERFORMANCE:

   * Commit updates the state of the working tree via a delta rather than