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# Copyright (C) 2005, 2006 Canonical Ltd
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# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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# (at your option) any later version.
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# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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# GNU General Public License for more details.
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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from cStringIO import StringIO
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from stat import (S_ISREG, S_ISDIR, S_ISLNK, ST_MODE, ST_SIZE,
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S_ISCHR, S_ISBLK, S_ISFIFO, S_ISSOCK)
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from bzrlib.lazy_import import lazy_import
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lazy_import(globals(), """
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from ntpath import (abspath as _nt_abspath,
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normpath as _nt_normpath,
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realpath as _nt_realpath,
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splitdrive as _nt_splitdrive,
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from tempfile import (
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from bzrlib.symbol_versioning import (
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from bzrlib.trace import mutter
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# On win32, O_BINARY is used to indicate the file should
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# be opened in binary mode, rather than text mode.
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# On other platforms, O_BINARY doesn't exist, because
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# they always open in binary mode, so it is okay to
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# OR with 0 on those platforms
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O_BINARY = getattr(os, 'O_BINARY', 0)
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def make_readonly(filename):
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"""Make a filename read-only."""
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mod = os.stat(filename).st_mode
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os.chmod(filename, mod)
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def make_writable(filename):
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mod = os.stat(filename).st_mode
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os.chmod(filename, mod)
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"""Return a quoted filename filename
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This previously used backslash quoting, but that works poorly on
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# TODO: I'm not really sure this is the best format either.x
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_QUOTE_RE = re.compile(r'([^a-zA-Z0-9.,:/\\_~-])')
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if _QUOTE_RE.search(f):
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_directory_kind = 'directory'
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stat.S_IFDIR:_directory_kind,
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stat.S_IFCHR:'chardev',
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stat.S_IFBLK:'block',
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stat.S_IFLNK:'symlink',
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stat.S_IFSOCK:'socket',
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def file_kind_from_stat_mode(stat_mode, _formats=_formats, _unknown='unknown'):
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"""Generate a file kind from a stat mode. This is used in walkdirs.
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Its performance is critical: Do not mutate without careful benchmarking.
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return _formats[stat_mode & 0170000]
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def file_kind(f, _lstat=os.lstat, _mapper=file_kind_from_stat_mode):
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return _mapper(_lstat(f).st_mode)
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if getattr(e, 'errno', None) == errno.ENOENT:
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raise errors.NoSuchFile(f)
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"""Return the current umask"""
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# Assume that people aren't messing with the umask while running
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# XXX: This is not thread safe, but there is no way to get the
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# umask without setting it
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def kind_marker(kind):
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elif kind == _directory_kind:
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elif kind == 'symlink':
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raise errors.BzrError('invalid file kind %r' % kind)
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lexists = getattr(os.path, 'lexists', None)
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if getattr(os, 'lstat') is not None:
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if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
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raise errors.BzrError("lstat/stat of (%r): %r" % (f, e))
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def fancy_rename(old, new, rename_func, unlink_func):
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"""A fancy rename, when you don't have atomic rename.
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:param old: The old path, to rename from
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:param new: The new path, to rename to
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:param rename_func: The potentially non-atomic rename function
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:param unlink_func: A way to delete the target file if the full rename succeeds
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# sftp rename doesn't allow overwriting, so play tricks:
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base = os.path.basename(new)
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dirname = os.path.dirname(new)
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tmp_name = u'tmp.%s.%.9f.%d.%s' % (base, time.time(), os.getpid(), rand_chars(10))
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tmp_name = pathjoin(dirname, tmp_name)
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# Rename the file out of the way, but keep track if it didn't exist
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# We don't want to grab just any exception
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# something like EACCES should prevent us from continuing
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# The downside is that the rename_func has to throw an exception
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# with an errno = ENOENT, or NoSuchFile
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rename_func(new, tmp_name)
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except (errors.NoSuchFile,), e:
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# RBC 20060103 abstraction leakage: the paramiko SFTP clients rename
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# function raises an IOError with errno is None when a rename fails.
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# This then gets caught here.
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if e.errno not in (None, errno.ENOENT, errno.ENOTDIR):
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if (getattr(e, 'errno', None) is None
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or e.errno not in (errno.ENOENT, errno.ENOTDIR)):
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# This may throw an exception, in which case success will
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rename_func(old, new)
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# If the file used to exist, rename it back into place
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# otherwise just delete it from the tmp location
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unlink_func(tmp_name)
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rename_func(tmp_name, new)
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# In Python 2.4.2 and older, os.path.abspath and os.path.realpath
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# choke on a Unicode string containing a relative path if
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# os.getcwd() returns a non-sys.getdefaultencoding()-encoded
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_fs_enc = sys.getfilesystemencoding() or 'utf-8'
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def _posix_abspath(path):
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# jam 20060426 rather than encoding to fsencoding
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# copy posixpath.abspath, but use os.getcwdu instead
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if not posixpath.isabs(path):
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path = posixpath.join(getcwd(), path)
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return posixpath.normpath(path)
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def _posix_realpath(path):
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return posixpath.realpath(path.encode(_fs_enc)).decode(_fs_enc)
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def _win32_fixdrive(path):
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"""Force drive letters to be consistent.
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win32 is inconsistent whether it returns lower or upper case
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and even if it was consistent the user might type the other
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so we force it to uppercase
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running python.exe under cmd.exe return capital C:\\
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running win32 python inside a cygwin shell returns lowercase c:\\
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drive, path = _nt_splitdrive(path)
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return drive.upper() + path
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def _win32_abspath(path):
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# Real _nt_abspath doesn't have a problem with a unicode cwd
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return _win32_fixdrive(_nt_abspath(unicode(path)).replace('\\', '/'))
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def _win32_realpath(path):
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# Real _nt_realpath doesn't have a problem with a unicode cwd
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return _win32_fixdrive(_nt_realpath(unicode(path)).replace('\\', '/'))
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def _win32_pathjoin(*args):
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return _nt_join(*args).replace('\\', '/')
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def _win32_normpath(path):
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return _win32_fixdrive(_nt_normpath(unicode(path)).replace('\\', '/'))
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return _win32_fixdrive(os.getcwdu().replace('\\', '/'))
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def _win32_mkdtemp(*args, **kwargs):
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return _win32_fixdrive(tempfile.mkdtemp(*args, **kwargs).replace('\\', '/'))
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def _win32_rename(old, new):
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"""We expect to be able to atomically replace 'new' with old.
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On win32, if new exists, it must be moved out of the way first,
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fancy_rename(old, new, rename_func=os.rename, unlink_func=os.unlink)
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if e.errno in (errno.EPERM, errno.EACCES, errno.EBUSY, errno.EINVAL):
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# If we try to rename a non-existant file onto cwd, we get
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# EPERM or EACCES instead of ENOENT, this will raise ENOENT
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# if the old path doesn't exist, sometimes we get EACCES
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# On Linux, we seem to get EBUSY, on Mac we get EINVAL
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return unicodedata.normalize('NFKC', os.getcwdu())
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# Default is to just use the python builtins, but these can be rebound on
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# particular platforms.
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abspath = _posix_abspath
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realpath = _posix_realpath
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pathjoin = os.path.join
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normpath = os.path.normpath
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dirname = os.path.dirname
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basename = os.path.basename
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# These were already imported into local scope
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# mkdtemp = tempfile.mkdtemp
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# rmtree = shutil.rmtree
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MIN_ABS_PATHLENGTH = 1
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if sys.platform == 'win32':
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abspath = _win32_abspath
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realpath = _win32_realpath
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pathjoin = _win32_pathjoin
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normpath = _win32_normpath
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getcwd = _win32_getcwd
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mkdtemp = _win32_mkdtemp
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rename = _win32_rename
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MIN_ABS_PATHLENGTH = 3
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def _win32_delete_readonly(function, path, excinfo):
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"""Error handler for shutil.rmtree function [for win32]
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Helps to remove files and dirs marked as read-only.
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exception = excinfo[1]
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if function in (os.remove, os.rmdir) \
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and isinstance(exception, OSError) \
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and exception.errno == errno.EACCES:
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def rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=_win32_delete_readonly):
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"""Replacer for shutil.rmtree: could remove readonly dirs/files"""
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return shutil.rmtree(path, ignore_errors, onerror)
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elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
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def get_terminal_encoding():
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"""Find the best encoding for printing to the screen.
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This attempts to check both sys.stdout and sys.stdin to see
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what encoding they are in, and if that fails it falls back to
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bzrlib.user_encoding.
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The problem is that on Windows, locale.getpreferredencoding()
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is not the same encoding as that used by the console:
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http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2003-May/162357.html
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On my standard US Windows XP, the preferred encoding is
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cp1252, but the console is cp437
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output_encoding = getattr(sys.stdout, 'encoding', None)
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if not output_encoding:
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input_encoding = getattr(sys.stdin, 'encoding', None)
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if not input_encoding:
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output_encoding = bzrlib.user_encoding
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mutter('encoding stdout as bzrlib.user_encoding %r', output_encoding)
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output_encoding = input_encoding
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mutter('encoding stdout as sys.stdin encoding %r', output_encoding)
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mutter('encoding stdout as sys.stdout encoding %r', output_encoding)
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return output_encoding
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def normalizepath(f):
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if getattr(os.path, 'realpath', None) is not None:
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[p,e] = os.path.split(f)
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if e == "" or e == "." or e == "..":
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return pathjoin(F(p), e)
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"""Copy a file to a backup.
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Backups are named in GNU-style, with a ~ suffix.
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If the file is already a backup, it's not copied.
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if has_symlinks() and os.path.islink(fn):
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target = os.readlink(fn)
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os.symlink(target, bfn)
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outf = file(bfn, 'wb')
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"""True if f is an accessible directory."""
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return S_ISDIR(os.lstat(f)[ST_MODE])
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"""True if f is a regular file."""
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return S_ISREG(os.lstat(f)[ST_MODE])
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"""True if f is a symlink."""
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return S_ISLNK(os.lstat(f)[ST_MODE])
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def is_inside(dir, fname):
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"""True if fname is inside dir.
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The parameters should typically be passed to osutils.normpath first, so
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that . and .. and repeated slashes are eliminated, and the separators
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are canonical for the platform.
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The empty string as a dir name is taken as top-of-tree and matches
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# XXX: Most callers of this can actually do something smarter by
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# looking at the inventory
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return fname.startswith(dir)
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def is_inside_any(dir_list, fname):
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"""True if fname is inside any of given dirs."""
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for dirname in dir_list:
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if is_inside(dirname, fname):
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def is_inside_or_parent_of_any(dir_list, fname):
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"""True if fname is a child or a parent of any of the given files."""
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for dirname in dir_list:
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if is_inside(dirname, fname) or is_inside(fname, dirname):
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def pumpfile(fromfile, tofile):
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"""Copy contents of one file to another."""
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b = fromfile.read(BUFSIZE)
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def file_iterator(input_file, readsize=32768):
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b = input_file.read(readsize)
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if getattr(f, 'tell', None) is not None:
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def sha_strings(strings):
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"""Return the sha-1 of concatenation of strings"""
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map(s.update, strings)
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def fingerprint_file(f):
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return {'size': size,
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'sha1': s.hexdigest()}
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def compare_files(a, b):
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"""Returns true if equal in contents"""
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def local_time_offset(t=None):
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"""Return offset of local zone from GMT, either at present or at time t."""
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# python2.3 localtime() can't take None
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if time.localtime(t).tm_isdst and time.daylight:
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return -time.timezone
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def format_date(t, offset=0, timezone='original', date_fmt=None,
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## TODO: Perhaps a global option to use either universal or local time?
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## Or perhaps just let people set $TZ?
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assert isinstance(t, float)
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if timezone == 'utc':
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elif timezone == 'original':
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tt = time.gmtime(t + offset)
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elif timezone == 'local':
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tt = time.localtime(t)
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offset = local_time_offset(t)
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raise errors.BzrError("unsupported timezone format %r" % timezone,
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['options are "utc", "original", "local"'])
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date_fmt = "%a %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
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offset_str = ' %+03d%02d' % (offset / 3600, (offset / 60) % 60)
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return (time.strftime(date_fmt, tt) + offset_str)
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def compact_date(when):
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return time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S', time.gmtime(when))
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def format_delta(delta):
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"""Get a nice looking string for a time delta.
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:param delta: The time difference in seconds, can be positive or negative.
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positive indicates time in the past, negative indicates time in the
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future. (usually time.time() - stored_time)
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:return: String formatted to show approximate resolution
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direction = 'in the future'
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if seconds < 90: # print seconds up to 90 seconds
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return '%d second %s' % (seconds, direction,)
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return '%d seconds %s' % (seconds, direction)
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minutes = int(seconds / 60)
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seconds -= 60 * minutes
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if minutes < 90: # print minutes, seconds up to 90 minutes
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return '%d minute, %d second%s %s' % (
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minutes, seconds, plural_seconds, direction)
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return '%d minutes, %d second%s %s' % (
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minutes, seconds, plural_seconds, direction)
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hours = int(minutes / 60)
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minutes -= 60 * hours
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return '%d hour, %d minute%s %s' % (hours, minutes,
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plural_minutes, direction)
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return '%d hours, %d minute%s %s' % (hours, minutes,
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plural_minutes, direction)
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"""Return size of given open file."""
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return os.fstat(f.fileno())[ST_SIZE]
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# Define rand_bytes based on platform.
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# Python 2.4 and later have os.urandom,
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# but it doesn't work on some arches
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rand_bytes = os.urandom
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except (NotImplementedError, AttributeError):
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# If python doesn't have os.urandom, or it doesn't work,
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# then try to first pull random data from /dev/urandom
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rand_bytes = file('/dev/urandom', 'rb').read
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# Otherwise, use this hack as a last resort
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except (IOError, OSError):
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# not well seeded, but better than nothing
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s += chr(random.randint(0, 255))
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ALNUM = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
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"""Return a random string of num alphanumeric characters
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The result only contains lowercase chars because it may be used on
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case-insensitive filesystems.
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for raw_byte in rand_bytes(num):
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s += ALNUM[ord(raw_byte) % 36]
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## TODO: We could later have path objects that remember their list
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## decomposition (might be too tricksy though.)
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"""Turn string into list of parts."""
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assert isinstance(p, basestring)
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# split on either delimiter because people might use either on
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ps = re.split(r'[\\/]', p)
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raise errors.BzrError("sorry, %r not allowed in path" % f)
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elif (f == '.') or (f == ''):
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assert isinstance(p, list)
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if (f == '..') or (f is None) or (f == ''):
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raise errors.BzrError("sorry, %r not allowed in path" % f)
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@deprecated_function(zero_nine)
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def appendpath(p1, p2):
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return pathjoin(p1, p2)
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"""Split s into lines, but without removing the newline characters."""
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lines = s.split('\n')
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result = [line + '\n' for line in lines[:-1]]
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result.append(lines[-1])
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def hardlinks_good():
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return sys.platform not in ('win32', 'cygwin', 'darwin')
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def link_or_copy(src, dest):
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"""Hardlink a file, or copy it if it can't be hardlinked."""
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if not hardlinks_good():
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shutil.copyfile(src, dest)
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except (OSError, IOError), e:
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if e.errno != errno.EXDEV:
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shutil.copyfile(src, dest)
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def delete_any(full_path):
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"""Delete a file or directory."""
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# We may be renaming a dangling inventory id
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if e.errno not in (errno.EISDIR, errno.EACCES, errno.EPERM):
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if getattr(os, 'symlink', None) is not None:
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def contains_whitespace(s):
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"""True if there are any whitespace characters in s."""
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for ch in string.whitespace:
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def contains_linebreaks(s):
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"""True if there is any vertical whitespace in s."""
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def relpath(base, path):
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"""Return path relative to base, or raise exception.
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The path may be either an absolute path or a path relative to the
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current working directory.
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os.path.commonprefix (python2.4) has a bad bug that it works just
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on string prefixes, assuming that '/u' is a prefix of '/u2'. This
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assert len(base) >= MIN_ABS_PATHLENGTH, ('Length of base must be equal or'
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' exceed the platform minimum length (which is %d)' %
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while len(head) >= len(base):
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head, tail = os.path.split(head)
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raise errors.PathNotChild(rp, base)
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def safe_unicode(unicode_or_utf8_string):
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"""Coerce unicode_or_utf8_string into unicode.
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If it is unicode, it is returned.
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Otherwise it is decoded from utf-8. If a decoding error
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occurs, it is wrapped as a If the decoding fails, the exception is wrapped
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as a BzrBadParameter exception.
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if isinstance(unicode_or_utf8_string, unicode):
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return unicode_or_utf8_string
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return unicode_or_utf8_string.decode('utf8')
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except UnicodeDecodeError:
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raise errors.BzrBadParameterNotUnicode(unicode_or_utf8_string)
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_platform_normalizes_filenames = False
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if sys.platform == 'darwin':
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_platform_normalizes_filenames = True
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def normalizes_filenames():
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"""Return True if this platform normalizes unicode filenames.
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Mac OSX does, Windows/Linux do not.
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return _platform_normalizes_filenames
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def _accessible_normalized_filename(path):
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"""Get the unicode normalized path, and if you can access the file.
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On platforms where the system normalizes filenames (Mac OSX),
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you can access a file by any path which will normalize correctly.
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On platforms where the system does not normalize filenames
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(Windows, Linux), you have to access a file by its exact path.
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Internally, bzr only supports NFC/NFKC normalization, since that is
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the standard for XML documents.
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So return the normalized path, and a flag indicating if the file
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can be accessed by that path.
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return unicodedata.normalize('NFKC', unicode(path)), True
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def _inaccessible_normalized_filename(path):
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__doc__ = _accessible_normalized_filename.__doc__
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normalized = unicodedata.normalize('NFKC', unicode(path))
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return normalized, normalized == path
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if _platform_normalizes_filenames:
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normalized_filename = _accessible_normalized_filename
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normalized_filename = _inaccessible_normalized_filename
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def terminal_width():
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"""Return estimated terminal width."""
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if sys.platform == 'win32':
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import bzrlib.win32console
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return bzrlib.win32console.get_console_size()[0]
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import struct, fcntl, termios
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s = struct.pack('HHHH', 0, 0, 0, 0)
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x = fcntl.ioctl(1, termios.TIOCGWINSZ, s)
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width = struct.unpack('HHHH', x)[1]
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width = int(os.environ['COLUMNS'])
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def supports_executable():
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return sys.platform != "win32"
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def set_or_unset_env(env_variable, value):
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"""Modify the environment, setting or removing the env_variable.
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:param env_variable: The environment variable in question
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:param value: The value to set the environment to. If None, then
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the variable will be removed.
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:return: The original value of the environment variable.
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orig_val = os.environ.get(env_variable)
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if orig_val is not None:
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del os.environ[env_variable]
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if isinstance(value, unicode):
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value = value.encode(bzrlib.user_encoding)
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os.environ[env_variable] = value
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_validWin32PathRE = re.compile(r'^([A-Za-z]:[/\\])?[^:<>*"?\|]*$')
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def check_legal_path(path):
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"""Check whether the supplied path is legal.
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This is only required on Windows, so we don't test on other platforms
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if sys.platform != "win32":
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if _validWin32PathRE.match(path) is None:
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raise errors.IllegalPath(path)
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def walkdirs(top, prefix=""):
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"""Yield data about all the directories in a tree.
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This yields all the data about the contents of a directory at a time.
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After each directory has been yielded, if the caller has mutated the list
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to exclude some directories, they are then not descended into.
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The data yielded is of the form:
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((directory-relpath, directory-path-from-top),
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[(relpath, basename, kind, lstat), ...]),
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- directory-relpath is the relative path of the directory being returned
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with respect to top. prefix is prepended to this.
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- directory-path-from-root is the path including top for this directory.
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It is suitable for use with os functions.
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- relpath is the relative path within the subtree being walked.
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- basename is the basename of the path
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- kind is the kind of the file now. If unknown then the file is not
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present within the tree - but it may be recorded as versioned. See
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- lstat is the stat data *if* the file was statted.
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- planned, not implemented:
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path_from_tree_root is the path from the root of the tree.
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:param prefix: Prefix the relpaths that are yielded with 'prefix'. This
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allows one to walk a subtree but get paths that are relative to a tree
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:return: an iterator over the dirs.
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#TODO there is a bit of a smell where the results of the directory-
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# summary in this, and the path from the root, may not agree
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# depending on top and prefix - i.e. ./foo and foo as a pair leads to
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# potentially confusing output. We should make this more robust - but
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# not at a speed cost. RBC 20060731
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_directory = _directory_kind
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_listdir = os.listdir
972
pending = [(prefix, "", _directory, None, top)]
975
currentdir = pending.pop()
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# 0 - relpath, 1- basename, 2- kind, 3- stat, 4-toppath
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relroot = currentdir[0] + '/'
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for name in sorted(_listdir(top)):
983
abspath = top + '/' + name
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statvalue = lstat(abspath)
985
dirblock.append((relroot + name, name,
986
file_kind_from_stat_mode(statvalue.st_mode),
988
yield (currentdir[0], top), dirblock
989
# push the user specified dirs from dirblock
990
for dir in reversed(dirblock):
991
if dir[2] == _directory:
995
def copy_tree(from_path, to_path, handlers={}):
996
"""Copy all of the entries in from_path into to_path.
998
:param from_path: The base directory to copy.
999
:param to_path: The target directory. If it does not exist, it will
1001
:param handlers: A dictionary of functions, which takes a source and
1002
destinations for files, directories, etc.
1003
It is keyed on the file kind, such as 'directory', 'symlink', or 'file'
1004
'file', 'directory', and 'symlink' should always exist.
1005
If they are missing, they will be replaced with 'os.mkdir()',
1006
'os.readlink() + os.symlink()', and 'shutil.copy2()', respectively.
1008
# Now, just copy the existing cached tree to the new location
1009
# We use a cheap trick here.
1010
# Absolute paths are prefixed with the first parameter
1011
# relative paths are prefixed with the second.
1012
# So we can get both the source and target returned
1013
# without any extra work.
1015
def copy_dir(source, dest):
1018
def copy_link(source, dest):
1019
"""Copy the contents of a symlink"""
1020
link_to = os.readlink(source)
1021
os.symlink(link_to, dest)
1023
real_handlers = {'file':shutil.copy2,
1024
'symlink':copy_link,
1025
'directory':copy_dir,
1027
real_handlers.update(handlers)
1029
if not os.path.exists(to_path):
1030
real_handlers['directory'](from_path, to_path)
1032
for dir_info, entries in walkdirs(from_path, prefix=to_path):
1033
for relpath, name, kind, st, abspath in entries:
1034
real_handlers[kind](abspath, relpath)
1037
def path_prefix_key(path):
1038
"""Generate a prefix-order path key for path.
1040
This can be used to sort paths in the same way that walkdirs does.
1042
return (dirname(path) , path)
1045
def compare_paths_prefix_order(path_a, path_b):
1046
"""Compare path_a and path_b to generate the same order walkdirs uses."""
1047
key_a = path_prefix_key(path_a)
1048
key_b = path_prefix_key(path_b)
1049
return cmp(key_a, key_b)
1052
_cached_user_encoding = None
1055
def get_user_encoding():
1056
"""Find out what the preferred user encoding is.
1058
This is generally the encoding that is used for command line parameters
1059
and file contents. This may be different from the terminal encoding
1060
or the filesystem encoding.
1062
:return: A string defining the preferred user encoding
1064
global _cached_user_encoding
1065
if _cached_user_encoding is not None:
1066
return _cached_user_encoding
1068
if sys.platform == 'darwin':
1069
# work around egregious python 2.4 bug
1070
sys.platform = 'posix'
1074
sys.platform = 'darwin'
1079
_cached_user_encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding()
1080
except locale.Error, e:
1081
sys.stderr.write('bzr: warning: %s\n'
1082
' Could not determine what text encoding to use.\n'
1083
' This error usually means your Python interpreter\n'
1084
' doesn\'t support the locale set by $LANG (%s)\n'
1085
" Continuing with ascii encoding.\n"
1086
% (e, os.environ.get('LANG')))
1088
if _cached_user_encoding is None:
1089
_cached_user_encoding = 'ascii'
1090
return _cached_user_encoding
1093
def recv_all(socket, bytes):
1094
"""Receive an exact number of bytes.
1096
Regular Socket.recv() may return less than the requested number of bytes,
1097
dependning on what's in the OS buffer. MSG_WAITALL is not available
1098
on all platforms, but this should work everywhere. This will return
1099
less than the requested amount if the remote end closes.
1101
This isn't optimized and is intended mostly for use in testing.
1104
while len(b) < bytes:
1105
new = socket.recv(bytes - len(b))
1111
def dereference_path(path):
1112
"""Determine the real path to a file.
1114
All parent elements are dereferenced. But the file itself is not
1116
:param path: The original path. May be absolute or relative.
1117
:return: the real path *to* the file
1119
parent, base = os.path.split(path)
1120
# The pathjoin for '.' is a workaround for Python bug #1213894.
1121
# (initial path components aren't dereferenced)
1122
return pathjoin(realpath(pathjoin('.', parent)), base)
added
removed
bzrlib/osutils.py
