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# Copyright (C) 2005 Canonical Ltd
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# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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# (at your option) any later version.
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# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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# GNU General Public License for more details.
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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import sys, os, os.path, random, time, sha, sets, types, re, shutil, tempfile
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import traceback, socket, fnmatch, difflib, time
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from binascii import hexlify
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from inventory import Inventory
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from trace import mutter, note
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from tree import Tree, EmptyTree, RevisionTree
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from inventory import InventoryEntry, Inventory
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from osutils import isdir, quotefn, isfile, uuid, sha_file, username, \
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format_date, compact_date, pumpfile, user_email, rand_bytes, splitpath, \
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joinpath, sha_file, sha_string, file_kind, local_time_offset, appendpath
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from store import ImmutableStore
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from revision import Revision
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from errors import BzrError
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from textui import show_status
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BZR_BRANCH_FORMAT = "Bazaar-NG branch, format 0.0.4\n"
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## TODO: Maybe include checks for common corruption of newlines, etc?
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def find_branch(f, **args):
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if f and (f.startswith('http://') or f.startswith('https://')):
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return remotebranch.RemoteBranch(f, **args)
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return Branch(f, **args)
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def _relpath(base, path):
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"""Return path relative to base, or raise exception.
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The path may be either an absolute path or a path relative to the
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current working directory.
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Lifted out of Branch.relpath for ease of testing.
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os.path.commonprefix (python2.4) has a bad bug that it works just
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on string prefixes, assuming that '/u' is a prefix of '/u2'. This
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avoids that problem."""
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rp = os.path.abspath(path)
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while len(head) >= len(base):
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head, tail = os.path.split(head)
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from errors import NotBranchError
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raise NotBranchError("path %r is not within branch %r" % (rp, base))
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def find_branch_root(f=None):
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"""Find the branch root enclosing f, or pwd.
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f may be a filename or a URL.
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It is not necessary that f exists.
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Basically we keep looking up until we find the control directory or
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elif hasattr(os.path, 'realpath'):
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f = os.path.realpath(f)
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f = os.path.abspath(f)
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if not os.path.exists(f):
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raise BzrError('%r does not exist' % f)
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if os.path.exists(os.path.join(f, bzrlib.BZRDIR)):
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head, tail = os.path.split(f)
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# reached the root, whatever that may be
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raise BzrError('%r is not in a branch' % orig_f)
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class DivergedBranches(Exception):
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def __init__(self, branch1, branch2):
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self.branch1 = branch1
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self.branch2 = branch2
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Exception.__init__(self, "These branches have diverged.")
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class NoSuchRevision(BzrError):
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def __init__(self, branch, revision):
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self.revision = revision
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msg = "Branch %s has no revision %d" % (branch, revision)
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BzrError.__init__(self, msg)
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######################################################################
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class Branch(object):
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"""Branch holding a history of revisions.
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Base directory of the branch.
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If _lock_mode is true, a positive count of the number of times the
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Lock object from bzrlib.lock.
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def __init__(self, base, init=False, find_root=True):
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"""Create new branch object at a particular location.
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base -- Base directory for the branch.
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init -- If True, create new control files in a previously
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unversioned directory. If False, the branch must already
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find_root -- If true and init is false, find the root of the
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existing branch containing base.
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In the test suite, creation of new trees is tested using the
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`ScratchBranch` class.
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self.base = os.path.realpath(base)
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self.base = find_branch_root(base)
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self.base = os.path.realpath(base)
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if not isdir(self.controlfilename('.')):
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from errors import NotBranchError
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raise NotBranchError("not a bzr branch: %s" % quotefn(base),
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['use "bzr init" to initialize a new working tree',
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'current bzr can only operate from top-of-tree'])
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self.text_store = ImmutableStore(self.controlfilename('text-store'))
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self.revision_store = ImmutableStore(self.controlfilename('revision-store'))
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self.inventory_store = ImmutableStore(self.controlfilename('inventory-store'))
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return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.base)
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if self._lock_mode or self._lock:
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from warnings import warn
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warn("branch %r was not explicitly unlocked" % self)
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def lock_write(self):
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if self._lock_mode != 'w':
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from errors import LockError
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raise LockError("can't upgrade to a write lock from %r" %
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self._lock_count += 1
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from bzrlib.lock import WriteLock
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self._lock = WriteLock(self.controlfilename('branch-lock'))
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self._lock_mode = 'w'
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assert self._lock_mode in ('r', 'w'), \
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"invalid lock mode %r" % self._lock_mode
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self._lock_count += 1
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from bzrlib.lock import ReadLock
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self._lock = ReadLock(self.controlfilename('branch-lock'))
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self._lock_mode = 'r'
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if not self._lock_mode:
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from errors import LockError
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raise LockError('branch %r is not locked' % (self))
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if self._lock_count > 1:
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self._lock_count -= 1
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self._lock_mode = self._lock_count = None
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def abspath(self, name):
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"""Return absolute filename for something in the branch"""
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return os.path.join(self.base, name)
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def relpath(self, path):
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"""Return path relative to this branch of something inside it.
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Raises an error if path is not in this branch."""
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return _relpath(self.base, path)
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def controlfilename(self, file_or_path):
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"""Return location relative to branch."""
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if isinstance(file_or_path, types.StringTypes):
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file_or_path = [file_or_path]
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return os.path.join(self.base, bzrlib.BZRDIR, *file_or_path)
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def controlfile(self, file_or_path, mode='r'):
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"""Open a control file for this branch.
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There are two classes of file in the control directory: text
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and binary. binary files are untranslated byte streams. Text
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control files are stored with Unix newlines and in UTF-8, even
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if the platform or locale defaults are different.
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Controlfiles should almost never be opened in write mode but
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rather should be atomically copied and replaced using atomicfile.
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fn = self.controlfilename(file_or_path)
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if mode == 'rb' or mode == 'wb':
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return file(fn, mode)
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elif mode == 'r' or mode == 'w':
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# open in binary mode anyhow so there's no newline translation;
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# codecs uses line buffering by default; don't want that.
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return codecs.open(fn, mode + 'b', 'utf-8',
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raise BzrError("invalid controlfile mode %r" % mode)
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def _make_control(self):
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os.mkdir(self.controlfilename([]))
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self.controlfile('README', 'w').write(
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"This is a Bazaar-NG control directory.\n"
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"Do not change any files in this directory.\n")
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self.controlfile('branch-format', 'w').write(BZR_BRANCH_FORMAT)
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for d in ('text-store', 'inventory-store', 'revision-store'):
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os.mkdir(self.controlfilename(d))
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for f in ('revision-history', 'merged-patches',
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'pending-merged-patches', 'branch-name',
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self.controlfile(f, 'w').write('')
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mutter('created control directory in ' + self.base)
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Inventory().write_xml(self.controlfile('inventory','w'))
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def _check_format(self):
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"""Check this branch format is supported.
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The current tool only supports the current unstable format.
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In the future, we might need different in-memory Branch
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classes to support downlevel branches. But not yet.
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# This ignores newlines so that we can open branches created
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# on Windows from Linux and so on. I think it might be better
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# to always make all internal files in unix format.
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fmt = self.controlfile('branch-format', 'r').read()
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fmt.replace('\r\n', '')
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if fmt != BZR_BRANCH_FORMAT:
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raise BzrError('sorry, branch format %r not supported' % fmt,
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['use a different bzr version',
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'or remove the .bzr directory and "bzr init" again'])
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def read_working_inventory(self):
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"""Read the working inventory."""
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# ElementTree does its own conversion from UTF-8, so open in
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inv = Inventory.read_xml(self.controlfile('inventory', 'rb'))
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mutter("loaded inventory of %d items in %f"
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% (len(inv), time.time() - before))
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def _write_inventory(self, inv):
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"""Update the working inventory.
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That is to say, the inventory describing changes underway, that
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will be committed to the next revision.
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## TODO: factor out to atomicfile? is rename safe on windows?
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## TODO: Maybe some kind of clean/dirty marker on inventory?
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tmpfname = self.controlfilename('inventory.tmp')
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tmpf = file(tmpfname, 'wb')
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inv_fname = self.controlfilename('inventory')
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if sys.platform == 'win32':
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os.rename(tmpfname, inv_fname)
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mutter('wrote working inventory')
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inventory = property(read_working_inventory, _write_inventory, None,
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"""Inventory for the working copy.""")
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def add(self, files, verbose=False, ids=None):
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"""Make files versioned.
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Note that the command line normally calls smart_add instead.
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This puts the files in the Added state, so that they will be
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recorded by the next commit.
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List of paths to add, relative to the base of the tree.
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If set, use these instead of automatically generated ids.
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Must be the same length as the list of files, but may
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contain None for ids that are to be autogenerated.
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TODO: Perhaps have an option to add the ids even if the files do
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TODO: Perhaps return the ids of the files? But then again it
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is easy to retrieve them if they're needed.
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TODO: Adding a directory should optionally recurse down and
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add all non-ignored children. Perhaps do that in a
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# TODO: Re-adding a file that is removed in the working copy
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# should probably put it back with the previous ID.
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if isinstance(files, types.StringTypes):
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assert(ids is None or isinstance(ids, types.StringTypes))
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ids = [None] * len(files)
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assert(len(ids) == len(files))
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inv = self.read_working_inventory()
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for f,file_id in zip(files, ids):
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if is_control_file(f):
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raise BzrError("cannot add control file %s" % quotefn(f))
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raise BzrError("cannot add top-level %r" % f)
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fullpath = os.path.normpath(self.abspath(f))
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kind = file_kind(fullpath)
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# maybe something better?
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raise BzrError('cannot add: not a regular file or directory: %s' % quotefn(f))
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if kind != 'file' and kind != 'directory':
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raise BzrError('cannot add: not a regular file or directory: %s' % quotefn(f))
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file_id = gen_file_id(f)
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inv.add_path(f, kind=kind, file_id=file_id)
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show_status('A', kind, quotefn(f))
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mutter("add file %s file_id:{%s} kind=%r" % (f, file_id, kind))
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self._write_inventory(inv)
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def print_file(self, file, revno):
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"""Print `file` to stdout."""
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tree = self.revision_tree(self.lookup_revision(revno))
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# use inventory as it was in that revision
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file_id = tree.inventory.path2id(file)
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raise BzrError("%r is not present in revision %d" % (file, revno))
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tree.print_file(file_id)
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def remove(self, files, verbose=False):
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"""Mark nominated files for removal from the inventory.
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This does not remove their text. This does not run on
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TODO: Refuse to remove modified files unless --force is given?
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TODO: Do something useful with directories.
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TODO: Should this remove the text or not? Tough call; not
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removing may be useful and the user can just use use rm, and
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is the opposite of add. Removing it is consistent with most
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other tools. Maybe an option.
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## TODO: Normalize names
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## TODO: Remove nested loops; better scalability
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if isinstance(files, types.StringTypes):
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tree = self.working_tree()
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# do this before any modifications
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raise BzrError("cannot remove unversioned file %s" % quotefn(f))
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mutter("remove inventory entry %s {%s}" % (quotefn(f), fid))
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# having remove it, it must be either ignored or unknown
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if tree.is_ignored(f):
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show_status(new_status, inv[fid].kind, quotefn(f))
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self._write_inventory(inv)
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# FIXME: this doesn't need to be a branch method
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def set_inventory(self, new_inventory_list):
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for path, file_id, parent, kind in new_inventory_list:
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name = os.path.basename(path)
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inv.add(InventoryEntry(file_id, name, kind, parent))
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self._write_inventory(inv)
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"""Return all unknown files.
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These are files in the working directory that are not versioned or
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control files or ignored.
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>>> b = ScratchBranch(files=['foo', 'foo~'])
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>>> list(b.unknowns())
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>>> list(b.unknowns())
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>>> list(b.unknowns())
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return self.working_tree().unknowns()
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def append_revision(self, revision_id):
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mutter("add {%s} to revision-history" % revision_id)
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rev_history = self.revision_history()
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tmprhname = self.controlfilename('revision-history.tmp')
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rhname = self.controlfilename('revision-history')
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f = file(tmprhname, 'wt')
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rev_history.append(revision_id)
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f.write('\n'.join(rev_history))
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if sys.platform == 'win32':
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os.rename(tmprhname, rhname)
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def get_revision(self, revision_id):
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"""Return the Revision object for a named revision"""
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if not revision_id or not isinstance(revision_id, basestring):
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raise ValueError('invalid revision-id: %r' % revision_id)
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r = Revision.read_xml(self.revision_store[revision_id])
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assert r.revision_id == revision_id
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def get_revision_sha1(self, revision_id):
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"""Hash the stored value of a revision, and return it."""
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# In the future, revision entries will be signed. At that
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# point, it is probably best *not* to include the signature
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# in the revision hash. Because that lets you re-sign
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# the revision, (add signatures/remove signatures) and still
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# have all hash pointers stay consistent.
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# But for now, just hash the contents.
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return sha_file(self.revision_store[revision_id])
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def get_inventory(self, inventory_id):
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"""Get Inventory object by hash.
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TODO: Perhaps for this and similar methods, take a revision
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parameter which can be either an integer revno or a
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i = Inventory.read_xml(self.inventory_store[inventory_id])
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def get_inventory_sha1(self, inventory_id):
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"""Return the sha1 hash of the inventory entry
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return sha_file(self.inventory_store[inventory_id])
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def get_revision_inventory(self, revision_id):
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"""Return inventory of a past revision."""
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if revision_id == None:
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return self.get_inventory(self.get_revision(revision_id).inventory_id)
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def revision_history(self):
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"""Return sequence of revision hashes on to this branch.
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>>> ScratchBranch().revision_history()
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return [l.rstrip('\r\n') for l in
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self.controlfile('revision-history', 'r').readlines()]
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def common_ancestor(self, other, self_revno=None, other_revno=None):
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>>> sb = ScratchBranch(files=['foo', 'foo~'])
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>>> sb.common_ancestor(sb) == (None, None)
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>>> commit.commit(sb, "Committing first revision", verbose=False)
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>>> sb.common_ancestor(sb)[0]
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>>> clone = sb.clone()
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>>> commit.commit(sb, "Committing second revision", verbose=False)
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>>> sb.common_ancestor(sb)[0]
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>>> sb.common_ancestor(clone)[0]
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>>> commit.commit(clone, "Committing divergent second revision",
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>>> sb.common_ancestor(clone)[0]
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>>> sb.common_ancestor(clone) == clone.common_ancestor(sb)
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>>> sb.common_ancestor(sb) != clone.common_ancestor(clone)
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>>> clone2 = sb.clone()
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>>> sb.common_ancestor(clone2)[0]
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>>> sb.common_ancestor(clone2, self_revno=1)[0]
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>>> sb.common_ancestor(clone2, other_revno=1)[0]
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my_history = self.revision_history()
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other_history = other.revision_history()
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if self_revno is None:
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self_revno = len(my_history)
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if other_revno is None:
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other_revno = len(other_history)
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indices = range(min((self_revno, other_revno)))
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if my_history[r] == other_history[r]:
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return r+1, my_history[r]
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def enum_history(self, direction):
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"""Return (revno, revision_id) for history of branch.
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'forward' is from earliest to latest
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'reverse' is from latest to earliest
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rh = self.revision_history()
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if direction == 'forward':
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elif direction == 'reverse':
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raise ValueError('invalid history direction', direction)
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"""Return current revision number for this branch.
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That is equivalent to the number of revisions committed to
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return len(self.revision_history())
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def last_patch(self):
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"""Return last patch hash, or None if no history.
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ph = self.revision_history()
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def missing_revisions(self, other, stop_revision=None):
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If self and other have not diverged, return a list of the revisions
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present in other, but missing from self.
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>>> from bzrlib.commit import commit
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>>> bzrlib.trace.silent = True
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>>> br1 = ScratchBranch()
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>>> br2 = ScratchBranch()
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>>> br1.missing_revisions(br2)
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>>> commit(br2, "lala!", rev_id="REVISION-ID-1")
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>>> br1.missing_revisions(br2)
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>>> br2.missing_revisions(br1)
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>>> commit(br1, "lala!", rev_id="REVISION-ID-1")
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>>> br1.missing_revisions(br2)
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>>> commit(br2, "lala!", rev_id="REVISION-ID-2A")
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>>> br1.missing_revisions(br2)
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>>> commit(br1, "lala!", rev_id="REVISION-ID-2B")
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>>> br1.missing_revisions(br2)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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DivergedBranches: These branches have diverged.
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self_history = self.revision_history()
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self_len = len(self_history)
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other_history = other.revision_history()
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other_len = len(other_history)
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common_index = min(self_len, other_len) -1
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if common_index >= 0 and \
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self_history[common_index] != other_history[common_index]:
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raise DivergedBranches(self, other)
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if stop_revision is None:
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stop_revision = other_len
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elif stop_revision > other_len:
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raise NoSuchRevision(self, stop_revision)
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return other_history[self_len:stop_revision]
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def update_revisions(self, other, stop_revision=None):
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"""Pull in all new revisions from other branch.
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>>> from bzrlib.commit import commit
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>>> bzrlib.trace.silent = True
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>>> br1 = ScratchBranch(files=['foo', 'bar'])
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>>> commit(br1, "lala!", rev_id="REVISION-ID-1", verbose=False)
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>>> br2 = ScratchBranch()
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>>> br2.update_revisions(br1)
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>>> br2.revision_history()
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>>> br2.update_revisions(br1)
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>>> br1.text_store.total_size() == br2.text_store.total_size()
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from bzrlib.progress import ProgressBar
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pb.update('comparing histories')
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revision_ids = self.missing_revisions(other, stop_revision)
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needed_texts = sets.Set()
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for rev_id in revision_ids:
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pb.update('fetching revision', i, len(revision_ids))
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rev = other.get_revision(rev_id)
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revisions.append(rev)
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inv = other.get_inventory(str(rev.inventory_id))
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for key, entry in inv.iter_entries():
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if entry.text_id is None:
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if entry.text_id not in self.text_store:
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needed_texts.add(entry.text_id)
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count = self.text_store.copy_multi(other.text_store, needed_texts)
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print "Added %d texts." % count
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inventory_ids = [ f.inventory_id for f in revisions ]
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count = self.inventory_store.copy_multi(other.inventory_store,
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print "Added %d inventories." % count
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revision_ids = [ f.revision_id for f in revisions]
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count = self.revision_store.copy_multi(other.revision_store,
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for revision_id in revision_ids:
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self.append_revision(revision_id)
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print "Added %d revisions." % count
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def commit(self, *args, **kw):
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from bzrlib.commit import commit
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commit(self, *args, **kw)
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def lookup_revision(self, revno):
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"""Return revision hash for revision number."""
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# list is 0-based; revisions are 1-based
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return self.revision_history()[revno-1]
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raise BzrError("no such revision %s" % revno)
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def revision_tree(self, revision_id):
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"""Return Tree for a revision on this branch.
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`revision_id` may be None for the null revision, in which case
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an `EmptyTree` is returned."""
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# TODO: refactor this to use an existing revision object
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# so we don't need to read it in twice.
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if revision_id == None:
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inv = self.get_revision_inventory(revision_id)
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return RevisionTree(self.text_store, inv)
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def working_tree(self):
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"""Return a `Tree` for the working copy."""
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from workingtree import WorkingTree
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return WorkingTree(self.base, self.read_working_inventory())
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def basis_tree(self):
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"""Return `Tree` object for last revision.
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If there are no revisions yet, return an `EmptyTree`.
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r = self.last_patch()
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return RevisionTree(self.text_store, self.get_revision_inventory(r))
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def rename_one(self, from_rel, to_rel):
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This can change the directory or the filename or both.
845
tree = self.working_tree()
847
if not tree.has_filename(from_rel):
848
raise BzrError("can't rename: old working file %r does not exist" % from_rel)
849
if tree.has_filename(to_rel):
850
raise BzrError("can't rename: new working file %r already exists" % to_rel)
852
file_id = inv.path2id(from_rel)
854
raise BzrError("can't rename: old name %r is not versioned" % from_rel)
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if inv.path2id(to_rel):
857
raise BzrError("can't rename: new name %r is already versioned" % to_rel)
859
to_dir, to_tail = os.path.split(to_rel)
860
to_dir_id = inv.path2id(to_dir)
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if to_dir_id == None and to_dir != '':
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raise BzrError("can't determine destination directory id for %r" % to_dir)
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mutter("rename_one:")
865
mutter(" file_id {%s}" % file_id)
866
mutter(" from_rel %r" % from_rel)
867
mutter(" to_rel %r" % to_rel)
868
mutter(" to_dir %r" % to_dir)
869
mutter(" to_dir_id {%s}" % to_dir_id)
871
inv.rename(file_id, to_dir_id, to_tail)
873
print "%s => %s" % (from_rel, to_rel)
875
from_abs = self.abspath(from_rel)
876
to_abs = self.abspath(to_rel)
878
os.rename(from_abs, to_abs)
880
raise BzrError("failed to rename %r to %r: %s"
881
% (from_abs, to_abs, e[1]),
882
["rename rolled back"])
884
self._write_inventory(inv)
889
def move(self, from_paths, to_name):
892
to_name must exist as a versioned directory.
894
If to_name exists and is a directory, the files are moved into
895
it, keeping their old names. If it is a directory,
897
Note that to_name is only the last component of the new name;
898
this doesn't change the directory.
902
## TODO: Option to move IDs only
903
assert not isinstance(from_paths, basestring)
904
tree = self.working_tree()
906
to_abs = self.abspath(to_name)
907
if not isdir(to_abs):
908
raise BzrError("destination %r is not a directory" % to_abs)
909
if not tree.has_filename(to_name):
910
raise BzrError("destination %r not in working directory" % to_abs)
911
to_dir_id = inv.path2id(to_name)
912
if to_dir_id == None and to_name != '':
913
raise BzrError("destination %r is not a versioned directory" % to_name)
914
to_dir_ie = inv[to_dir_id]
915
if to_dir_ie.kind not in ('directory', 'root_directory'):
916
raise BzrError("destination %r is not a directory" % to_abs)
918
to_idpath = inv.get_idpath(to_dir_id)
921
if not tree.has_filename(f):
922
raise BzrError("%r does not exist in working tree" % f)
923
f_id = inv.path2id(f)
925
raise BzrError("%r is not versioned" % f)
926
name_tail = splitpath(f)[-1]
927
dest_path = appendpath(to_name, name_tail)
928
if tree.has_filename(dest_path):
929
raise BzrError("destination %r already exists" % dest_path)
930
if f_id in to_idpath:
931
raise BzrError("can't move %r to a subdirectory of itself" % f)
933
# OK, so there's a race here, it's possible that someone will
934
# create a file in this interval and then the rename might be
935
# left half-done. But we should have caught most problems.
938
name_tail = splitpath(f)[-1]
939
dest_path = appendpath(to_name, name_tail)
940
print "%s => %s" % (f, dest_path)
941
inv.rename(inv.path2id(f), to_dir_id, name_tail)
943
os.rename(self.abspath(f), self.abspath(dest_path))
945
raise BzrError("failed to rename %r to %r: %s" % (f, dest_path, e[1]),
946
["rename rolled back"])
948
self._write_inventory(inv)
954
class ScratchBranch(Branch):
955
"""Special test class: a branch that cleans up after itself.
957
>>> b = ScratchBranch()
965
def __init__(self, files=[], dirs=[], base=None):
966
"""Make a test branch.
968
This creates a temporary directory and runs init-tree in it.
970
If any files are listed, they are created in the working copy.
974
base = tempfile.mkdtemp()
976
Branch.__init__(self, base, init=init)
978
os.mkdir(self.abspath(d))
981
file(os.path.join(self.base, f), 'w').write('content of %s' % f)
986
>>> orig = ScratchBranch(files=["file1", "file2"])
987
>>> clone = orig.clone()
988
>>> os.path.samefile(orig.base, clone.base)
990
>>> os.path.isfile(os.path.join(clone.base, "file1"))
993
base = tempfile.mkdtemp()
995
shutil.copytree(self.base, base, symlinks=True)
996
return ScratchBranch(base=base)
1002
"""Destroy the test branch, removing the scratch directory."""
1005
mutter("delete ScratchBranch %s" % self.base)
1006
shutil.rmtree(self.base)
1008
# Work around for shutil.rmtree failing on Windows when
1009
# readonly files are encountered
1010
mutter("hit exception in destroying ScratchBranch: %s" % e)
1011
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(self.base, topdown=False):
1013
os.chmod(os.path.join(root, name), 0700)
1014
shutil.rmtree(self.base)
1019
######################################################################
1023
def is_control_file(filename):
1024
## FIXME: better check
1025
filename = os.path.normpath(filename)
1026
while filename != '':
1027
head, tail = os.path.split(filename)
1028
## mutter('check %r for control file' % ((head, tail), ))
1029
if tail == bzrlib.BZRDIR:
1031
if filename == head:
1038
def gen_file_id(name):
1039
"""Return new file id.
1041
This should probably generate proper UUIDs, but for the moment we
1042
cope with just randomness because running uuidgen every time is
1046
# get last component
1047
idx = name.rfind('/')
1049
name = name[idx+1 : ]
1050
idx = name.rfind('\\')
1052
name = name[idx+1 : ]
1054
# make it not a hidden file
1055
name = name.lstrip('.')
1057
# remove any wierd characters; we don't escape them but rather
1058
# just pull them out
1059
name = re.sub(r'[^\w.]', '', name)
1061
s = hexlify(rand_bytes(8))
1062
return '-'.join((name, compact_date(time.time()), s))